![]() The second requires a means for translation into a more basic set of commands. ![]() ![]() The first calls for methods for specifying the syntax and semantics of a language. One often distinguishes between two phases of this area: language design and translation. At one end are the languages which are closest to the physical machine and at the other end are languages designed for sophisticated problem solving. (ii) languages for describing algorithms-these languages can be placed on a continuum. The goal is to study various forms of machine fabrication and organization so that algorithms can be effectively carried out. This study encompasses four distinct areas: (i) machines for executing algorithms-this area includes everything from the smallest pocket calculator to the largest general purpose digital computer. One often quoted definition views computer science as the study of algorithms. The field of computer science is so new that one feels obliged to furnish a definition before proceeding with this book.
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